Technology And Science More Than World War II - 876 Words

No other war in history has had such a profound impact on technology and science more than World War II did. There were numerous new scientific principles and inventions that emerged during the war. This includes thing such as the automatic aircraft (which is known today as a cruise missile) and also the ballistic missile (flew into space before falling down on its target). These missiles were later developed and helped launch the first American astronauts to space. Other technological advancements include huge radar improvements, mass production of penicillin, new products, and nutrition advancements of foods. The first practical radar was created in 1935, though it wasn’t until the war that it saw vast improvements. Radars made the concept of a â€Å"surprise attack† nearly obsolete. This technology allowed nations to track incoming attacks from air, helped guide their bombers to targets, and directed anti-aircraft guns to aircraft high in the air. By constructing co mplicated electronics that had to be small and rugged, radar engineers helped set the path for modern technology, such as tv. It also helped create radar navigation, and meteorologists used the technology to help track storms, which helped plan strategic military attacks. During World War II American companies had to convert to create military goods (consumer good manufacture creating surgical instruments, car factories creating tanks and airplanes). Do to this conversions of companies, many Americans facedShow MoreRelated The Technological Revolution901 Words   |  4 Pagesinnovations, the American view of science and technology is constantly fluctuating. The ever-evolving image of science and technology in the United States is usually due to how the most recent developments in science and technology contribute, whether in a perceived positive of negative light. In times such as war, where technology essentially determines the outcome, the public’s perception of technolog y becomes essential, as well as the implementation of said technology. Many other factors are pertinentRead MoreOn the Evolution of War802 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Evolution of War World War II was the first â€Å"high-tech† war. While there had been new technologies in World War I, they did not have the lasting impact on modern society like World War II innovations. During the Second World War, countries poured all of their resources into developmental and operations research. Scientists invented technologies for practical and immediate purposes instead of conducting experiments to more deeply understand the natural world. The World War II weapons race forRead MoreInventions and Advancements that Took Place During World War II1655 Words   |  7 Pagestook place during World War II have shaped and affected lives around the world. Although most inventions during that time were made specifically for the war, they managed to find their way into mainstream life (Science). Like an infectious disease, technological advancements boomed and became contagious, spreading around the world. World War II has advanced technology, science, math, and medicine; and it has affected the lives of people now and in the 1940s more than any other war fought. Radar madeRead MoreWorld War II And The Field Of Nursing984 Words   |  4 PagesIn this research I studied World War II, different aspects of it and articles from this time. We studied four different topics, one was on the sciences and in the field of nursing. This article explained the care British nurses gave to victims of typhus during this war. Humanities was another topic, and it covered the history of this war and of Adolf Hitler. Social Sciences was another topic, and what education was like for music education during the time of World War II. The last topic was businessRead MoreEssay on Effects of Technology in the 1940’s739 Words   |  3 PagesThe 40’s were best known for World War II, but did you know that Velcro was invented during this time period? In the 1940’s, technological changes occurred with their effects being both positive and negative, but these effects have benefited society more by being the basis of many things used today. The tech nology in the 1940’s had undergone many changes. Some of the changes in technology were that the first US jet plane was flown . Also, the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb wereRead MoreHow Has World War II Affected The Growth Of Information Technology And Information Gathering Techniques?1239 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion is â€Å"How has World War II affected the growth of information technology and information gathering techniques?† During World War II (1939-1945), both the Allied and Axis forces developed methods to uncover more information about their enemies, as well as protect themselves from this espionage. This drive to develop their information led to creation of communication and information technologies, as well as techniques. To determine how specifically the information technologies had growth, thisRead MoreHow the Airplane Changed War Essay651 Words   |  3 PagesHow the Airplane Changed War In many ways World War II presents post Civil War American attitudes about technology and science. Trace either the most relevant technology or scientific assumption from 1865 to 1945 showing how it changed or why it stayed the same from the Civil War for the end of World War II. (Length 3 pages) America has faced several major wars including the Civil War, World War I and II. These wars have cause great advances in technology and different techniques of fightingRead MoreGermany And Its Impact On The Country Of Germany1204 Words   |  5 Pagesto today’s alliance with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). The architecture of Germany has a long, rich and diverse history. Every major European style from Roman to Post Modern is demonstrated. Germany has made very significant technology and science achievements and have a significant part of the country’s economy. Germany’s people are a very tolerant and forward thinking group of people. Germany is a modern, advanced society, shaped by a multitude of lifestyles and regional backgroundsRead MoreA New History After The War888 Words   |  4 PagesA New History After the War World War II was considered to be a watershed event in history by many historians. A watershed event is commonly referred to as an â€Å"event or period marking a turning point in a course of action or state of affairs†. World War II was an event that changed history and the aftermath wrecked most ideals of the future before the war. After the war every party wanted to not repeat this war, so instead of peace, the world rearmed with new technologies and nationalistic racismRead MoreCivil Growth, Ingenuity And Generosity1306 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Kramer. Abstract The United States of America was a boiling time in the 1940’s. With World War II approaching, United States of America (USA) citizens went above and beyond to help out the cause. Doctor’s and student of universities unraveled mysteries and did what some would call impossible. It didn’t matter what color you were or who you loved, but if you were helping to aid the USA during war, you were all right. Through tragedy, suffering and back breaking work, the United States of America

Essay on Debate on the Legality of Human Cloning - 459 Words

Debate on the Legality of Human Cloning Today, the topic of cloning creates more argument than it has ever created before. The argument over cloning is based upon the fact that there are extreme opposing viewpoints on the subject. One of the major arguments offered against human cloning is that it will undermine human individuality. However, despite the popular opposition to human cloning, it is likely to remain an issue. Cloning is reproduction involving only one parent. Cloning occurs when a single cell from the parent organism begins to divide and develop in such a way that a new organism is produced. This new organism has exactly the same genetic make-up as its parent and is usually†¦show more content†¦However, human cloning will undermine human individuality. One of the key features of each human being is that they represent a combination of genotype and interaction with the environment, which is unique. Uniqueness is a major factor of our humanity. It is claimed that even `identical twins, are not completely genetically similar. It has been suggested that undermining the individuality or uniqueness of each human being may undermine respect for human life. This is because human cloning could lead society to regard all people as being replaceable or interchangeable. It has also been argued that cloning would offer medical advantages, especially in situations where transplants are required. People may have headless replicas of them cloned to supply them with transplant organs to overcome the problems created by age and disease. It has been argued that cloning human beings for the purpose of creating transplant tissue such as bone marrow or a kidney demeans the person cloned for this purpose. It took 277 attempts to produce the clone, Dolly the Sheep. Foetuses produced by cloning are ten times more likely to die in the uterus than those produced through sexual means. Cloned offsprings are three times more likely to die after birth than those produced by usual means. It these figures areShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Human Cloning1067 Words   |  4 Pageswords, cloning. It did not take a long time for scientists to understand that the same qualified organisms could be created by using and copying cells. After the first successful mammal cloning, Dolly the sheep in 1997, science world was proud, but not satisfied yet. Curiosity and enthusiasm manipulated scientists to reach the climax of the cloning history with an astonishing, but a risky discovery: the first successful stem cell cloning in 2013 which declares the possibility of human cloning. On oneRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cell Research And The American Society2380 Words   |  10 Pagesin this field hold. As with many other controversies, embryonic stem cell research can be described as a dispute between religion and science due to the destruction of a viable human embryo. Depending on the status an individual grants an embryo will likely determine their stance on the issue. Next, many changes in legality and public acceptance have prompted leaders to increase funding and expand research nationally. Since taxpayers’ dollars are at work, the public should be aware of this prevalentRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1288 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiencing pain, suffering, and distress† (â€Å"Animal† 2013). The advancements in technology today had sparked a debate worldwide on whether it is right or wrong to use animals for experimentation in laboratories. With newly advanced scientific technology, experts are able to utilize advanced technology to simulate functions of the human body on a much smaller scale, including microchips of human tissue and cells, computer mod els, and cadavers. Under those circumstances, harm and torture of animals inRead MoreCloning Should Not Be Legalized2450 Words   |  10 PagesCloning Should Not be Legalized Human cloning has been a very controversial issue for a number of years. In order to understand cloning better is important to recognize what cloning is. A clone is an exact genetic replica of a DNA molecule, cell, tissue, organ, or entire plant or animal. This may be done through reproductive cloning or therapeutic cloning known as stem cell cloning. (Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research) Human cloning raises the issues of whether or not a cloned personRead MoreThe Ethics of Stem Cell Research Essay2357 Words   |  10 Pagesbecause human embryos are destroyed in the process. I believe that the benefits outweigh the negatives and that a greater good can come out of using embryonic stem cells. The treatment of diseases and illnesses continually grows and improves. Embryonic stem cells have the potential to help rectify or even cure disease and illnesses that are thought to be incurable. However, the ethical battle over the sanctity of life rages on. Stem cells can be compared to the building blocks of the human bodyRead MoreEssay on Does Artificial Human Cloning Challenge Ethical Boundaries?2112 Words   |  9 PagesDoes Artificial Human Cloning Challenge Ethical Boundaries? Are you one of the millions of humans that take their individuality for granted? If so, adding a replica of a loved one no big deal. Or is it? Human cloning, will it be the wave of the future which will create a human being that will genetically superior or simple replace a loved one that died? What would a parent pay to replace a lost child $1000.00, $10,000.00, or as much as one million dollars, and if so would this be justifiable, moralRead MoreCloning : A World Problem Or Abomination Against Mankind3402 Words   |  14 Pages Cloning: An Answer to a World Problem or Abomination against Mankind Steven Jacob Bokov GOVT 2305-2P3 Professor McMahon August 4, 2015 Dolly the Sheep was a phenomenon that spread through the world like wildfire. She was born on July 5, 1996 and was the first mammal effectively cloned from an adult somatic cell. Dolly was such an amazingRead MoreThe Fluidity Of Cloning : Gender Norms Racial Bias3913 Words   |  16 PagesAlex R Biology The Fluidity of Cloning . Gender Norms Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern Cloning The sea anemone undergoing cloning thumb]] In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms. The term also refers to the productionRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research Essay2087 Words   |  9 Pagescells in their home states. Also, Kirk explains â€Å"A central concern is that the research might be used toward applications such as reproductive cloning or the creation of animal-human hybrids† (412). Which I do understand why there is a concern about conducting embryonic stem cell research because the research could be used for other illegal purposes like cloning. Also, Kirk asserts that the National Institutes of Health Guidelines for embryonic stem cell research does not cover all of the main concernsRead MoreEssay on Pro-Choice Argument3500 Words   |  14 Pag esdestruction of a human being, is murder, and consequently unethical. I deny the fact that the fetus, what I will refer to as an embryo up to 22 weeks old, has the right to live. The opposing argument is invalid because a fetus, although perhaps a part of human species, is not formally a person. This leaves it simply to be a part of the woman?s body, whose fate lies solely in the hands of the pregnant woman alone, no different from a tumor she might have. By proving this, the abortion debate then becomes

Barnes & Noble - Inc. Versus Borders Group - Inc.

Question: Describe about the Report for Barnes Noble, Inc. Versus Borders Group, Inc. Answer: Introduction Continuous technological innovation is rapidly overtaking the retail information management that has been in place for years. Holistic information systems that can be used for management and retail at the same time are essential for the success of a business. Companies that create and implement strategic plans on information systems (IS) at the right time have higher chances of doing better and standing out amidst challenges while the others fail. This paper describes two organizations in the book retail industry. Barnes Noble is an example of an organization that succeeded in gaining competitive advantage via IT. On the other hand, Borders Group is an example of an organization that was unsuccessful in enhancing its competitive advantage through IT/IS. Barnes Noble, Inc. - Successful Example Barnes Noble, Inc. is one of the largest book retailers in the United States. It is a Fortune 500 company, previously ranked at position 423. In addition, the organization is a leading digital media content and educational products retailer throughout the country. According to Fortune 500 (2016), the company has 649 stores in all States within America and has 37,000 employees. After a series of bankruptcies and merges of firms in the American bookstore industry in the last two decades, Barnes Noble still stands as the remaining national bookstores. Barnes Noble was founded in 1886 under the name Arthur Hinds Company. The name was changed in 1894 to Hinds Noble when Gilbert Clifford Noble became a partner. In 1917, Noble bought Hinds and partnered with William Barnes, after which they named the company Barnes Noble (Barnes Noble Inc, 2013). The company has been transforming to include information technology in its activities in order to keep the company at the top of the indust ry. Currently, the company is well known for NOOK, a suite for e-book readers it developed. The Nook is in competition with Kobo eReader, Amazon Kindle as well as other e-readers such as iBooks that are used in iOS devices. The current version of the NOOK is customer friendly because it has Wi-Fi connectivity, Sudoku games, a dictionary and chess among other things (Rosen, 2015). Barnes Noble has done all this and much more to gain and maintain a competitive advantage that its competitors were unable to cope up with. Success Factors The success of this organization has been as a result of the strategies that have been put in place to embrace Information Technology (IT) as the world advances in technology. Besides the brick and mortar stores the company has established all over the country, IT has enabled it to gain a broad online presence. Different internal and external factors have enabled the company to enhance its competitive advantage as indicated in the subsections below. Internal Factors that influenced Barnes Nobles Success Over the years, the company embraced changes that came on the way. For instance, in 1931, the company opened a publishing division and began opening stores in other States. In 1970s, the company was under a good management of Leonard Riggio, who made great changes to revive it after about two years of mismanagement. In order to embrace IT in its marketing strategies, Barnes and Nobles was the first bookseller to make adverts on television in 1974 (Barnes Noble Inc, 2016). In addition to the television advertisements, the company started selling books on 40 percent discounts so long as the title ranked the bestselling in The New York Times newspaper. Under its good management, the company purchased Dalton stores in 1986. By 1999, the company became the second-largest bookseller online in the United States. Company critics claimed that the company led to a decline of the other local booksellers (Barnes Noble Founder, 2016). As a move to integrate more IT to its already existing mail-order catalogs, the company created a website, where it began selling books online by 1980s. The website was launched in 1997. Currently, the site carries more than 2.3 million titles. On October 2007, the company launched an online literary style site by the name Barnes Noble Review. It featured columns, book reviews and interviews from different authors and critics. The site also provided essays for music critics such as Robert Christgau. The company also ran Gameshop retail outlets, between 1999 and 2004, where video games were sold. More IT was incorporated into the company as technological advancements continued. In 2010, William Lynch, who was the Website president, became the Companys CEO. As the Companys overall manager, he made the company embrace Information systems to a maximum. During his time there, the company launched the electronic book store. Later on, the Nook, an electronic book reader was introduced. It was under his management that the company became famous for its digital books. Lynch resigned in 2013. External Factors that Influenced Success Several external factors influenced the success of Barnes Nobles. Between 1965 and 1990s book industry was growing at a high rate but companies in the industry were reluctant to grab the opportunity. During the same time, discovery of computers led to innovation of information systems for different industries. In the retail industry, companies like Barnes Noble got the opportunity to gather customer feedbacks so that they could make improvements for higher customer satisfaction. Using the information systems, that were available at that time, the company collected data on market in order to determine what the customers needed. It was after this that the company opened small discount stores that were later replaced by the larger stores. In addition, the data collected indicated that more sales would be made if the company published its own books. The started publishing its books. Later on, in order to raise customer satisfaction, the company started selling the books they published to mail-order customers. It was at this time that the company saw the benefits of embracing IT. Books that were sold in mail-order catalogs were affordable reissues that enabled the organization to reach new customers all over the country (Barnes Noble Inc, 2016). By the end of 1974, Barnes and Nobles Fifth Avenue store had overtaken Londons Foyles bookshop, making it the biggest bookstore worldwide. In 2011, the closure and bankruptcy of competitor, Border Group, left Barnes Noble the only remaining national bookseller in the U.S. A series of bankruptcies and mergers in the American book industry followed. Waldenbooks, Crown Books and B.Dalton, among others were closed down. That trend expanded Barnes Noble's market and made it succeed during those tough times. The current biggest physical Barnes Noble's bookstore competitor is Books-A-Million, a company that does not operate in the West of U.S. Other companies that currently compete with Barnes Noble include general retailers such as Amazon.com, independent and regional booksellers (Townsend, 2013). Although the company shares the small market with more technologically upcoming organizations, the company has always embraced IT/IS to enhance its competitive advantage. SWOT Analysis Strengths The firm is well established and has a market capitalization of more than $ 2 billion. Its selling of DVDs, CDs, magazines, e-books and books makes it a one-stop outlet for media. It is among Fortune 500 companies. The firm uses several channels to distribute products online and stores. It also has a strong financial position (Barnes Noble, Inc., 2013). Weaknesses Most stores are within U.S. meaning that the market is limited. Opportunities Ecommerce is growing. The firm should use internet to cover a larger area than the U.S. market. The spending of consumers is also increasing. The company can take over and jointly venture on the small significant firms that have best brands. Threats Firms such as Amazon, and public libraries are a threat to this firm. Online competition and book store retails are increasing. Books are substituted by ebooks at a high rate (Barnes Noble, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 2013) Borders Group- Unsuccessful Example Borders Group is a good example of a company that failed because it did not fully incorporate information technology or information systems as its competitor was doing so. Borders Group, a global book retailer was founded in the year 1971 by two brothers and Michigan graduates, Tom and Louis Borders. The two established the organization when they failed to interest booksellers that were already in the industry, in their inventory and sales tracking system (PR, 2015). Their Information system could predict demand in certain communities. The failure of other booksellers to be interested with their innovation prompted them to start a firm, Border Group. The company had a good start because it was based on an IT idea that no other bookseller was interested in. Internal Factors that Influenced Borders Failure Borders was not any other book retailer that occupied a large retail area. The individuals who started it were also the managers that saw its success several years that followed. In the first two decades, the employees were devoted to the job that they did. They had pride on the knowledge of the sections that they were assigned. To customers, the store had transformed into a library and a refuge, where they would get in and were lost (Grossman, 2016). All these changed when the Borders was acquired by Kmart and the management changed. In 1992, Kmart acquired Borders Group. The firm, Kmart, had also acquired Waldenbooks in 1984. Waldenbooks was a mall-based book chain. Kmart had been struggling with book division ever since it acquired Waldenbooks. One factor that led to the failure of Borders Group was change of management and merging an area of struggle. Kmart merged Waldenbooks with Borders with the hope that Waldens book division would be revived by Borders senior experienced management that were doing well. However, the senior management team resigned before they could do much. External Factors that Influenced Borders Failure Several external factors accelerated the failure of the company. First, there was high competition in the book retail market. Border Group competitors, Crown and Barnes Noble were aggressively expanding to cover up a wide market. Borders was facing pressure from stakeholders, and it was also experiencing its fiscal problems. As a move to try and strategize, the management named the new merge, Borders-Walden Group (Cody, 2012). However, before the year ended, the company was renamed Borders group. Border Group Companys story is full of irony and a lot of slap-your-forehead missteps. By 1990s, it was clear that both competing companies, Barnes Noble and Borders Group dominated the books industry. The missteps for Borders began immediately it achieved dominance. A Series of Missteps taken by Borders First, the company engaged in an aggressive expansion that made the company acquire long-term leases that later proved the companys bankruptcy. The company should have assessed performance in each new store it opened by collecting information through the IS that were available at that time. Secondly, Borders focused on creating selections that were more superior to those of Barnes Noble. They were ignorant of the fact that customers were not aware of those selections and they were not interested by them. The company should have used IT/IS to collect customers view of the selections. Thirdly, the company lost the control of internet sales channel. According to Valds (2012), the company negotiated a deal, in 2001, to allow Amazon control Borders online business. A lot of time was wasted before the company launched its website in 2008. Figures indicate that the sales dropped by nearly 34% between 2001 and 2008 (Rosen, 2015). Again, instead of the company focusing on its product, books, it increased its focus on DVDs and CDs. At this time, book retailer competitors were focusing on how they would digitally deliver their products using IT. Borders lost the opportunity of delivering e-books in time to its customers. This led to a loss in market niche. When the company launched Kobo, the e-reader, it did not gain traction because it had insufficient support. When introducing a certain technology, it is important to ensure that it is released at the most opportune time. On 2005, the firm wasted valuable finance of $600 million on the stock buyback program (Johnston, 2015). The end of Borders was an ugly one. In the last years, the company did not have money and it was burdened by long-term leases for its big stores that were located very far. The firm filed for bankruptcy when it was too late. Its creditors concluded that the best option was to maximize recovery through total liquidation. SWOT Analysis Strengths The firm was recognized for being the best bookstore. It had bookshops all over the globe. The company had diversified to books, music, CDs and DVDs. Weaknesses It provided the easiest products to customers- paperback books. It outsourced online sales to Amazon. The company ran from market trends, leaving the opportunity to Barnes Noble. It misread signals within the market and ended up diversifying products, thus losing focus on real deal. There was poor management within the firm (PR, 2013). Opportunities The firm could have partnered with universities to supply textbooks. With ebooks introduction, the firm could have reduced its costs because the books do not require much space. The market had few players and the company would have remained as the leader. Threats Newer competitors in the online field were using technology rapidly. Globalization threatened the firm because customers were expected to stop going for the books but acquire the ebooks online. The firms competitor, BN collaborated with the best brands and increased their competition worldwide (PR, 2013). Lessons Learned The two retail firms which were at one time dominating book retail industry took different strategies at some point. One was successful and still stands out in the industry, while the other one failed and had an ugly ending. Various lessons can be drawn from the cases. First, its hurts when people fail to foresee a revolution, but to companies, it is fatal (Books Industry Profile, 2015). When managers fail to predict the future through the changes that take place, they are treated as failures in their lives whereas the companies they lead die without hopes of resurrection. Another lesson that can be learned is that the marketplace has the ability to swiftly punish those who delay to adapt to new digital realities. While Barnes Nobles created a website and started working with it until its full launch, Borders started online book selling but later stopped it because the online business was not profitable. Later on, in 2001, the firm made a deal with Amazon so that it could maintain its online presence. Getting into that deal was a form of delay because the firm later launched a website in 2008 where it continued with online retail. It is important that retailers make strategies once they notice opportunities on their way. How can competitive advantages gained via IS/IT be sustained? In the modern times, distribution channels are sophisticated and technology driven. The next step after gaining a competitive advantage should be to carefully observe the trends and act accordingly. For instance, since more people currently rely on content they can access on their handheld devices, it is important to make products and services readily available and easily accessible on such platforms. This makes distribution to be customer-friendly. Current trends should be monitored closely because they determine the future of a business. Once a firm gains a competitive advantage through IS/IT, it should strive to maintain it. This should be done by conducting continuous assessments and evaluations that indicate the performance of the company. Performance indicators should be clear enough so that any slight changes can be observed and worked on (Gilbert, 2015). Borders lacked indicators that discretely indicated that the firm was headed to a fall. If such indicators were in place, better timely strategies might have been utilized. Research and development (RD) is an important division in firms that gained competitive advantages through IT/IS. Research should continuously be carried out so that ways of improving the IS can be discovered. RD should always focus on customer satisfaction and how to remain ahead of competitors (Johnston, 2015). Borders was established after Barnes and Noble had already established. However, the innovation that Borders proprietors introduced propelled the company to make it the best in that industry. Conclusion In conclusion, as markets enlarge and become complex, the retailing process that was once simple changes. In order to cope with the trend, retailers need to employ more intelligent and sophisticated information systems (IS) where all transactions are involved. The key to maintain a competitive advantage in this globalized retailing industry, is to efficiently control information, data and knowledge of the market. It is important that retailers invest in and exploit information management that is available. Barnes and Noble were always open-minded such that the most crucial book retail information did not pass them by. The company new the exact moment it was required to open new stores in certain locations. In addition, the company knew the exact Information Technology (IT) to use at different times in order to enhance its competitive advantage. Borders, on the other hand, started well, and it was once at the same dominance position with Barnes and Noble. The company failed to maintai n its competitive advantage by doing miscalculations and applying the right IS/IT at the wrong time. References 'Barnes Noble Founder: Retail Environment Is Worst in Years', 2016, Investors Business Daily, 8 September, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 December 2016. 'Barnes Noble, Inc' 2016, Barnes Noble, Inc. Marketline Company Profile, pp. 1-31, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 5 December 2016. Barnes Noble, Inc. SWOT Analysis' 2013, Barnes Noble, Inc. SWOT Analysis, pp. 1-10, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 4 December 2016. Books Industry Profile: United States' 2015, Books Industry Profile: United States, pp. 1-31, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 December 2016. Cody, T 2012, 'Borders CEO Recalls the Moment it was over', Mergers Acquisitions: The Dealermaker's Journal, 47, 1, p. 8, Fortune 500, (2016). Barnes Noble. Fortune. Available at: https://beta.fortune.com/fortune500/barnes-noble-427 [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016]. Gilbert, RJ 2015, 'E-books: A Tale of Digital Disruption', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29, 3, pp. 165-184, Grossman, L 2016, '64. The Death of the Bookstore Was Greatly Exaggerated', Time, 188, 2/3, pp. 54-55. Johnston, N 2015, 'How Borders' demise is a crucial lesson in data', Campaign, p. 42, PR, N 2013, 'Online Retailers Gained, While Brick-and-Mortar Lost In Wake of Borders Exit', PR Newswire US, 6 August, Regional Business News, EBSCOhost, viewed 5 December 2016. Rosen, J 2015, 'Filling the Void', Publishers Weekly, 262, 7, pp. 1-3, Townsend, M 2013, 'The Barnes Noble End', Bloomberg Businessweek, 4340, pp. 52-55. Valds, RD 2012, 'Life after Borders', Shopping Centers Today, 33, 5, pp. 42-44.